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Chicago Citation Guide

YouTube Videos

When citing videos from YouTube, make sure to use the permalink rather than the URL at the top of the browser to ensure you and your instructor can access the video later. You can find the permalink by clicking on the "Share" button below the video and copying the link provided. 

Bibliography:

Author or Poster of the video Last Name, First Name. "Title of Video." Source of Video. Date Published or Posted. Video, video length. URL. 

Biography. "Vincent Van Gogh: The Tragic Story of the Artist's Life | Full Documentary | Biography." YouTube. July 26, 2020. Video, 44:11. https://youtu.be/KlBG2ojDbQ8.

Footnote:

Author or Poster of the video's First Name Last Name, "Title of Video," Source of Video, Date Published or Posted, video, timestamp. URL. 

1. Biography, "Vincent Van Gogh: The Tragic Story of the Artist's Life | Full Documentary | Biography," YouTube, July 26, 2020, Video, 28:17-29:12. https://youtu.be/KlBG2ojDbQ8.

Shortened Note:

2. Biography, "Vincent Van Gogh," 28:17-29:12. 

Audiovisual Media

GENERAL FORMAT FOR AUDIOVISUAL SOURCES:

 

CITING THE ENTIRE WORK:

Bibliography:

Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. Directed/Performed by First Name Last Name. Original Release Year; City: Studio/Distributor, video release year. Medium.

Footnote:

First Name, Last Name, Title of Work, directed/performed by First Name Last Name (Original Release Year; City: Studio/Distributor, video release year), medium.

 

FILMS:

  • To cite a specific moment in a film, you can cite the scene in a footnote, Use the scene title before the title of the medium, If there are no scene titles available, you cannot cite the moment and will have to cite the film as a whole. 

Bibliography:

Director Last Name, First Name, dir. Title of Film. Release Year; City: Studio/Distributer, Video Release Year, Medium.

Nolan, Christopher, dir. Tenet. 2020; New York: Warner Bros., 2020, DVD. 

 

Footnote:

Title of Film, directed by Director's First Name Last Name (Release Year; City: Studio/Distributer, Video Release Year), Medium. 

3. Tenet, directed by Christopher Nolan (2020; New York: Warner Bros., 2020), DVD. 

 

Shortened Note:

4. Tenet, 0:53:18-0:55:42. 

 

TELEVISION:

  • Since television shows are serialized, you must cite by the date the episode aired rather than the year it was released. 
  • If you are accessing the show via a streaming service, you can replace the airing information with the relevant URL from the streaming service. 

Bibliography:

Writer's Last Name, First Name, writer. Title of Television Show. Season Number, episode number, "Episode Title." Directed by Director's First Name Last Name, featuring Actor/Actress's First Name Last Name. Aired Date, in broadcast syndication. Studio/Distributer, Video Release Year, Medium. 

Bixby, Jerome, writer. Star Trek: The Original Series. Season 2, Episode 4, "Mirror, Mirror." Directed by Marc Daniels, featuring William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, and DeForest Kelley. October 6, 1967, in broadcast syndication. NBC, 1967-1968, DVD.

 

Footnote:

Title of Television Show, season number, episode number, "Episode Title," directed by Director's First Name Last Name, written by Writer's First Name Last Name, featuring Actor/Actress's First Name Last Name, aired Date, in broadcast syndication, Studio/Distributer, Video Release Year, Medium.

5. Star Trek: The Original Series, season 2, episode 4, "Mirror, Mirror," directed by Marc Daniels, written by Jerome Bixby, featuring William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, and DeForest Kelley, October 7, 1967, in broadcast syndication, NBC, 1967-1968, DVD. 

 

Shortened Note:

6. Star Trek: The Original Series, "Mirror, Mirror," 0:12:34. 

 

RECORDED SPEECH:

Bibliography:

Speaker Last Name, First Name. "Speech Title." Date of Speech. Location of speech. Medium, running time. Information on where the recording can be found. 

Ali, Ahmed Abiy. "Forging a Durable Peace in the Horn of Africa." December 10, 2019. Oslo City Hall, Norway. YouTube video, 22:46. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2019/abiy/lecture/

 

Footnote:

7. Ahmed Abiy Ali. "Forging a Durable Peace in the Horn of Africa." December 10, 2019. Oslo City Hall, Norway. YouTube video, 22:46. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2019/abiy/lecture/.

 

Shortened Note:

8. Ali, "Forging a Durable Peace." 

 

LIVE PERFORMANCES:

  • Due to the nature of the source, readers cannot consult live performances; therefore, no bibliographical entry is needed. However, if you do use a live performance as a source, there should be a footnote in the following format:

Footnote:

9. Title of the Performance, contributors, location, date. 

  • This citation will have some variation based on the type of performance. 

Interviews

The Chicago Manual of Style distinguishes between unpublished interviews, published interviews, and personal communications. Examples of each are provided below. 

 

UNPUBLISHED INTERVIEWS

  • Citations for unpublished interviews vary, as it depends on what content is included with the interview, and thus there isn't a set formula for the citation. See below for examples. 

Footnote:

10. Jane Doe (retired employee) in discussion with the author, January 2022. 

 

PUBLISHED INTERVIEWS

  • The Chicago Manual of Style also distinguishes between an interview published in a print medium versus that that in a broadcast. Citations vary based on interview format and information available.
INTERVIEW IN A BROADCAST:

Bibliography:

Interviewee's Last Name, First Name. Title of Broadcasting Program. By Interviewer's First Name Last Name. Publisher, Date of Publication. 

Footnote:

11. Interviewee's First Name Last Name, interview by Interviewer's First Name Last Name, Title of Broadcasting Program, Publisher, Date of Publication,. 

 
INTERVIEW IN A JOURNAL OR PRINT MEDIUM:
  • Interviews in a published print medium follow the general format for that medium. The example below is from a journal. 

Bibliography:

Coetzee, J.M. "An Interview with J.M. Coetzee." Interview by Richard Begam. Contemporary Literature 33, no. 3 (Autumn 1992): 419-431. https://doi.org/10.2307/1208476.

Footnote:

12. "An Interview with J.M. Coetzee," interview by Richard Begam, Contemporary Literature 33, no. 3 (Autumn 1992): 422. https://doi.org/10.2307/1208476.

Shortened Note:

13. Coetzee, "An Interview," 422. 

 

PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS

  • Citations for personal communications in Chicago-style usually appear in the footnotes, but often do not have a corresponding entry in the bibliography. 
  • Unless it is necessary and you have permission from this source, do not include e-mail address or other contact information in the citation.

Footnote:

First Name Last Name, description of the type of communication, Date. 

14. Jane Smith, email message to the author, March 11, 2019.